Descartes

Descartes Descartes Descartes demands that there is no similarity among strolling and thinking since the ideas of a walk and an idea are diverse generally. Following the rationalist, one can guarantee that a walk is only the demonstration of strolling, for example a physical human capacity, which doesn't require any psychological endeavors and exists freely from the brain. An idea, despite what might be expected, is a more extensive thought since it very well may be applied at three particular levels: it might allude to the staff, to the thing, which has the personnel, and to the demonstration itself. From this angle, Descartes invests an idea with the potential for a more extensive hover of capacities. In any case, he doesn't bar the likelihood that an idea may represent the demonstration of strolling or the capacity to walk, which makes his qualification rather unclear. In basic terms, there is actually no similarity among strolling and thinking since the first is a physical procedure and the second a psychological, yet Descartes confounds the issue. Saying that an idea may represent the demonstration of strolling or the capacity to walk, he concedes that the two thoughts can be equivalent, simultaneously dismissing this. Further, the scholar contends that he can be certain just about his considerations as opposed to any activities. Mystical sureness, for this situation, ought to suggest a human psychological capacity to make legitimate inductions, for example the cogito, and it is humiliating why he makes certain about his contemplations and uncertain about his activities as though the last were not controlled or foreordained by our mind. Most likely, Descartes position is faultless in the event that one thinks about his contentions in the Second Meditation, where he thinks about whether there is any sure beyond a shadow of a doubt truth. He offers a confirmed response since regardless of whether his experience is deceptive, it is still genuine on the grounds that it happens. In this manner, the individual who encounters truly exists. The single contention demonstrating that the thinker exists is that he is thinking (or encountering), which assumes that he is a thing that encounters (thinks) a brain. Descartes knows without a doubt that he is a psyche since he isn't yet certain if his body and the physical world exist. Also, he is progressively sure that his psyche exists since precisely the acumen speaks to an honest condition of physical things, and the faculties themselves can't do it (Descartes). As Descartes epitomizes the issue, regardless of whether he appears to himself to walk, his body may not move by any me ans, as in dreams. Thus, we should confide in our psyche as opposed to our faculties. It follows from this that if Descartes thinks about strolling as an exotic encounter, he may not make the surmising I am strolling, along these lines I exist, except if the consciousness of strolling is an idea. In the given setting, it is imperative to specify Descartes thoughts regarding mind/body dualism. As indicated by the scholar, a human is a particularly thinking thing. Despite the fact that he, as each human, has a body, with which he [his mind] is firmly associated and which is a foolish thing, he [his mind] is completely unique in relation to his body and may exist without it (Descartes 5). The logician represents how his body is personally conjoined with his psyche: when his body is harmed, he doesn't see the injury by the seeing alone however feels torment; in like manner, he feels eager or parched when his body needs food or drink. In this way, there exists the association and clear combination of brain and body (Descartes 7). In spite of this clear combination, another distinction between the brain and body is that the body is intrinsically detachable, while the psyche is totally inseparable. In reality, Descartes can consider unmistakable pieces of his body like foot, arm, he ad, and so forth., however he can recognize no parts in himself as a reasoning thing. One progressively unmistakable element is that the psyche gets the prompt impression not from all the pieces of the body however just from the cerebrum or a few its part. Developments of the cerebrum, thus, quickly dazzle the psyche just with that sensation which is the most significant right now. By and by, such qualification between the brain and body appears to be somewhat dubious to me. Descartes dismisses the possibility of a reasoning body, asserting that he is a psyche. It would seem that he ignores the way that human mind is a physical element, and precisely this physical substance empowers people to think, which makes his contention unconvincing. To make his stance additionally persuading, and, thusly, counter Hobbes and Gassendis contentions in an increasingly sensible manner, he ought to clarify his situation as far as realism. Logic contends that an individual is conceived as of now with information, for example information is characteristic, and taking in comes from instinct. Following Rationalists like Plato and Descartes, who are worried about supreme all inclusive realities, one can affirm that the brain is the single wellspring of information (Empiricism v. Realism. n.d.; Rationalism: Some similitudes among Plato and Descartes, 17 Mar. 2001). In this association, it turns out to be clear why Descartes contends that there is no relationship among strolling and thinking and why an individual is a reasoning thing. In any case, an individual can walk, inhale, or eat without intuition, for example the person in question can perform simply physiological capacities without intuition. Assuming, notwithstanding, one begins to think what to eat or where to go (or in which course), these activities become outlandish without intuition. Moreover, an individual can think without taking any kind of action; the main essential for believing is being alive. With everything taken into account, such inquiries are fairly snared and appear to be of a little down to earth esteem. The issues referenced above might be useful for logicians, who target finding human substance, however normal individuals are not prone to consider on them.

The 336th Infantry and the 92nd Buffalo Infantry Division Term Paper

The 336th Infantry and the 92nd Buffalo Infantry Division - Term Paper Example In this point of view, a great deal of accentuation was laid on the parts of military life, for example, control, hostility, and physical quality among different features of the trained powers. Albeit fundamental infantry abilities and skills are essential for the endurance of a troopers, there is something else entirely to infantry preparing than the preparation offered to those warriors prepared to battle on horsebacks, utilizing tanks, or the individuals who bargain in signs and ordnance obligations. The principle region wherein Infantry Divisions become most valuable is in moving harsh territories that would some way or another not be open by tanks or heavily clad vehicles. Albeit mechanical advances in the West have rendered infantry less significant in wars, the job of Infantry Divisions in wars and fights can't be ignored3. The expanded detail and intricacy in military innovation and gear has inferred that less infantry is important in battles. Nonetheless, during the two World Wars, the Infantry Division was the most significant system by which states and partners would overcome their adversaries in fights given that mechanical advances had not found the military. This paper investigates the historical backdrop of the 366th Infantry Division and the 92nd Infantry Division of the U.S Army. Both the 92nd and the 366th Infantry Divisions were initiated in 1917 and served in the two World Wars after which they were disbanded. During World War I and World War II, every one of the sides of the wars required the military abilities and points of interest that would empower it adequately safeguard its national outskirts just as to win the wars. To accomplish these destinations, there was requirement for appropriate military association and organizing. For the most part, the military association and organizing utilized during the two World Wars were various leveled and formalized in positions. In any case, official administration and control were the save of governments, through the

Essay on The Parenting Style A Touch Of Demand, Emotional Support Essay Example For Students

Paper on The Parenting Style : A Touch Of Demand, Emotional Support Essay A bit of interest, enthusiastic help, and a plenty of affection, combine everything and you have the definitive child rearing style. Not very solid and cold, not very lenient, however spot on. This is the child rearing style I attempted my best to mimic while bringing up my virtual youngster. The definitive style depends on the standard of parity, there is such a great amount of going on in a childs development from birth to eighteen, a durable establishment of control and limits, which are subject to age, are combined with the affection, passionate help and support. This child rearing style is by all accounts great, the fantasy parent who is consistently the ideal blend of solid, consistent, dependable and adoring. It nearly appeared to be too acceptable to even consider evening make progress toward, knowing in any circumstance I would make certain to commit errors. In any case, with each defining moment of Gabriel’s improvement, I remembered how his advancement was impacting his activities, and how I could respond in the most accommodating, legitimate way that is available. This child rearing style was the framework, the clear canvas where I needed to fill in. This child rearing style has been demonstrated to be the most formatively supportive as far as delivering a youngster that is adjusted. A kid that is autonomous, yet trusting, certain and acquire values from their folks. Through Gabriel’s life, there were many good and bad times. The family endured mysterious and unchangeable conditions, and however they effected him, I feel this child rearing style was particularly successful in this season of unrest. Another hypothesis impacting my child rearing conduct was Bowlby Ainsworth’s connection hypothesis. From the second I learned of this hypothesis, something impacted me. The hypothesis of connection depends on trust, and trust from the second a . .ors affecting Gabriel’s enthusiastic wellbeing, and caused him some slight uneasiness. These occasions were hard, on the grounds that my decisions couldn't go far to help in the disturbance left by them. These occasions are very genuine, and more than regular inside the lives of ordinary Americans, and I put forth a valiant effort to counter them. It was extremely fascinating to perceive how these components played into my child rearing style and how the general structure of my child rearing supported or blocked Gabriel. Fortunately, the creating mind is plastic, shapeable and alterable. He was a versatile kid who with assistance, worked past and past his battles (Arnet, 2015). It is cheerful past all things, to wonder in the flexibility of people, particularly those who’s minds have not got done with developing. They can take circumstances and sets of patterns and change and develop with every circumstance, and I accept that is a thing to be wondered.

Library Media Center Essay

Libraries have consistently been a wellspring of information and practically boundless data for understudies, admirers of writing, and scientists. The capacity to discover the data required is in the hands of the Librarian. This individual is knowledgeable in all library materials from microfiche to true to life books and the quickest method to get to these materials. This reflection paper analyzes three projects and advancements related with Library Media, alongside the characteristics required for an extraordinary Media Library Manager. As innovation has progressed so has its place in the library domain. Library Media Programs The media programs found in school libraries worked by ensured educator bookkeepers give understudies access to different assets that help the understudies become knowledgeable in their scholarly world. The learning prerequisites for school understudies proceed to progress and understudies need some assistance to address that difficulty. This is additionally a zone that is critical to the region just as individual schools. Coming up next is a rundown of five library media programs that will be useful to schools, educators, and understudies. Perusing Promotion Under this program writing gets a much needed refresher. Stories and ideas that may have appear to be exhausting and obsolete to cutting edge younger students increase another thankfulness and basic thoroughly considering exercises, for example, readers’ warnings, booktalks, and grants programs (OSPI). Advanced understudies are a few ages expelled from the hour of Shakespeare and the ideas of early English. It is essential to show the understudies that Macbeth, Othello, and other traditional types of writing can show them cutting edge fundamental abilities. By drawing in the understudies in basic speculation to decide how traditional writing can be utilized in their regular day to day existences keeps these great works alive in the hearts of the people to come and they fill an utilitarian need. Data and Resource Management In request to guarantee that all the materials understudies need are promptly accessible, modern and effortlessly situated there must be a high level of asset the board. A few different ways to ensure these assets are appropriately lists are: library assortments, databases, website pages, as well as instructional assets (OSPI). Kids live in the realm of usability and speedy access. On the off chance that understudies come into the school library and can't discover the data they need then they won't return or possibly return when completely essential? Educational plan and Instruction Collaboration As referenced in the past area understudies come into the library to discover assets so as to address inquiries concerning their schoolwork, get data for papers, and study for tests. It is significant that the instructors and the curators keep in contact with regards to the school educational program (OSPI). Correspondence between the two gatherings takes into account the correct materials for the activity and different types of those materials to be circulated or accessible to the understudies. In this manners learning is made a lot easier. Data Services This is where print and electronic data assets meet up. It is basic that understudies and educators are shown the best way to access and utilize these materials (OSPI). Without explicit preparing understudies may become baffled and afterward abdomen time doing ineffective exercises. Additionally, the educators need to seem learned to the understudies. Understudies need to be able to get to information from print in customary manners just as the information to assemble electronic data in the cutting edge way. Library Program Advocacy â€Å"Communicate the school library program’s vision, objectives, and learning targets to organization, staff, guardians, and network to propel the program and its job in the learning condition (OSPI). † Libraries like some other division or program require financing so as to contend with different offices and projects. The library is just referred to for dusty booksâ and as a position of study; this may not intrigue youngsters or their folks. The people group, the guardians, and the kids should all be all around educated about the significance of the library for their own instructive purposes just as those of people in the future. The following segment is devoted to the sorts of advances that libraries use corresponding to its media. Library Media Technologies There are various kinds of advancements to be had when managing the library. One of the most widely recognized is the PC that has been incorporated into the framework. There are likewise extra advancements, for example, Web 2. 0 and Library 2. 0, which will be examined in detail in the following areas. PCs Computer is gadgets used to store, recovered, produce, and quest for assets. PCs are utilized by grown-ups and youngsters to ride the Internet, visit on the web, total work undertakings and schoolwork assignments. It makes sense that PCs would advance into the library framework. The card list has been a long standing record guardian in the library world. This assortment of data on materials and their area was frequently housed in large wood or metal cupboards that the understudies would need to get to. The data about the materials was actually imprinted on cards that the youngsters needed to peruse so as to fiction, true to life and different combinations of assets. Presently with the coming of PCs the card list has been reformed. All the data found on the cards in the card index would now be able to be found on the PC in an electronic database. This is a lot simpler for the library benefactors in light of the fact that any PC in the library will have the data and there is not, at this point a need to arrange in a focal area to get asset data. Additionally, the need to talk with the custodian diminishes in light of the fact that the supporters would now be able to discover the data for themselves. There are even projects on the PCs that advise the benefactors precisely where to go to discover the materials. In the event that after all the data is given from the electronic card list and the benefactor despite everything can't discover the area then the administrator is gathered. From the start this may appear to be a terrible thing since custodians need occupations however this new opportunity permits the administrators to turn out to be better gifted at finding and showing benefactors how to best use the library media assets. This instruction incorporates approaches to utilize both the customary and the electronic card indexes. There is consistently the likelihood that the Intranet or Internet will go down however that won't stop the need to consider and complete schoolwork. Talking about the electronic way to finish assignments the time has come to examine Web 2. 0 and Library 2. 0. Web 2. 0 Web 2. 0 fuses these ideas: coordinated effort, shrewdness of groups, personalization, network, electronic, and straightforwardness (Vacek). This new program has widened the skylines of Internet clients. Probably the most smoking thought was making an individual sites that others could see, associate with, and afterward perhaps leave remarks. Presently this thought has advanced into blogging sites. An individual can post an inquiry or spot an announcement and afterward open the floor for a few unique clients to give their sentiments and help trade their insight. This is a piece of that feeling of network talked about in the past section. Note that anybody utilizing data from sites, for example, online journals should twofold check the data with sources from the school library database and other confided in scholarly sites. These are the sites that end in . organization and . gov. Moving supporters to another leave is Library 2. 0. Library 2. 0 â€Å"Any administration, physical or virtual, that effectively arrives at clients, is assessed much of the time, and makes sue of client input is a Library 2. 0 help. Considerably more seasoned, conventional administrations can be Library 2. 0 if measures are met (Vacek). † Library 2. 0 can give magazines online to understudies and grown-ups to access anytime. It gives connects to sites, for example, LinkedIn and Facebook which are kinds of network sites. The first depends on a network of experts. Facebook, a significant type of internet based life, gives an opportunity to understudies and grown-ups to get to organization data and furthermore to give their data to potential occupations. Library 2. 0 has propelled highlights, for example, library recommendation box, internationally accessible administrations, and making data simpler to discover and get to (Vacek). Generally, the recommendation box was a crate situated inside a structure that was explicitly intended to get criticism from benefactors about an item or administration that may require improvement. Presently supporters can get to recommendations confines online the type of input. All inclusive accessibility of administrations implies that benefactors are no since a long time ago shackled to one area. Anybody with an online association can get to the data from any area. What's more, obviously as discussed beforehand the very use of PCs with the correct preparing gives usability to the supporters. The following area is devoted to custodians and how they use the media in the library. Media Management Librarians It was recently referenced that the custodian was the essential assistant of the library supporters. These were the specialists that performed practically all the library capacities for the benefactors. These people indicated the supporters were the card inventory was found, how to peruse the data on the cards and afterward guided them to the area of the looked for after materials. Much of the time the custodians needed to go with the supporters to discover the data which could be an issue now and again. While one individual was being driven by the curator different benefactors would undoubtedly need to hold up contingent upon the quantity of administrators were accessible to help. There were times when the custodian would really recover the data for the benefactors and afterward stamp the books to tell the supporters when the materials were expected f

HOW TO View Websites Without Signing Up

HOW TO View Websites Without Signing Up Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: View Websites Without Signing UpUpdated On 29/09/2011Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : WebsitesShort URL : http://hbb.me/Y7uA5Z CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIt will be quite irritating when you are forced to register a site to view it. If you are frustrating to sign up, then there is a trick for you to overcome it. Bug Me Not provides you disposable logins for almost all the popular and famous websites out there which forces you to register. You dont need to register in Bug Me Not. ?? You can find and share logons for websites that force you to register. You can also submit a login, if interested. Bug Me Not will bypass compulsory registration and sign up.Sometimes the websites thrown up by Google Search results cannot be viewed unless you are a member in that website. Of course, you have to register to become a member, which is quite annoying and frustrating f or some users. You can beat this problem by visiting the Google Cache copy of that website. Click the Cached link to do this trick. If this trick fails, you can use Be The Bot site which will fool the site by making it think that Google Crawling Bot is accessing it. Check Bug Me Not now.READ5+ Productive Ways You Can Make Use Of Su.pr

Classical Music Breaks Bad Mozart’s Downfall in Amadeus - Literature Essay Samples

In today’s society, mental illnesses are slowly being recognized as serious health problems that require some sort of treatment, whether the treatment is therapy, medication, or both. In the 1700s, however, mental illnesses were not acknowledged as a problem and were simply brushed off. Such is the case of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a (real life) character in Peter Shaffer’s heavily fictionalized play Amadeus. Mozart is a child prodigy, a man who is destined for great things. As a result of his upbringing at the hands of a strict and inflexible father, Mozart’s mental health is rather delicate. Antonio Salieri, one of Emperor Joseph’s court composers, views Mozart as extremely dangerous competition. In order to â€Å"win† fame and fortune, things Salieri believes that God has destined him for, Salieri uses Mozart’s mental problems to slowly and systematically destroy Mozart’s life. Salieri uses Mozart’s mental issues to methodical ly alienate Mozart from his companions and to destroy his career. Salieri destroys Mozart’s career by emphasizing Mozart’s character flaws to his employers and by increasing Mozart’s mental instability. Mozart was a child when he began to play tours of Europe with his father, a fact noted by Emperor Joseph’s exclamation, â€Å"You will not recall it, but the last time we met, you were also on this floor!This young man-all of 6 years old† (Shaffer 31). Mozart’s father toured with him, parading Mozart around like a show pony and teaching Mozart to be overconfident and showy. When Mozart does not get what he wants, he responds like a spoiled child and burns bridges with those around him. These traits do not help Mozart in his chosen career path, initially leading him to act rudely towards the emperor and eventually to his downfall at Salieri’s hands. When Mozart first meets the emperor, he revises Salieri’s Welcome March, adding in a â€Å"third above†, completely changing the piece (Shaff er 35), offending Salieri, who begins to plot Mozart’s murder. When plotting Mozart’s murder, Salieri believes that â€Å"by killing Mozart, he is not only solving his own Jobean dilemma† (Bidney), a scenario in which Salieri is tested by God. Mozart’s constant immaturity grates on Salieri’s nerves; after all, Mozart insulted Salieri’s music and isolated Mozart from a true friendship with Salieri. Murdering thoughts aside, within the first few minutes of meeting the emperor and his court, Mozart manages to insult the Italian opera system, caustically remarking that real operas do not have â€Å"male sopranos screeching. Or stupid couples rolling their eyes. All of that Italian rubbish† (Shaffer 33). Mozarts ways lead him to offend several prominent figures in the Italian court, including the so-called â€Å"Lord Fugue†. While the audience sees that Mozart initially offends the court during his first meeting with them, Salieri m anipulates Mozart into burning bridges beyond repair, as â€Å"self-serving calculation is Salieri’s absolute, not music† (Bidney) When Mozart is in need of a teaching position within the court, Salieri subtly points out Mozarts lothario ways in an attempt to stop Mozarts tutoring sessions from happening, remarking that â€Å"one hears too many storiesNot pleasant, Majesty, but true† (Shaffer 64). Had Mozart not been confident and showy with his adulterous ways, Salieri would not have been able to further discredit Mozart. Even Mozarts opera, one of his greatest creations, was initially ruined by his overconfidence. Mozart wrote a fantastic opera but, because he irritated Salieri, his opera was ruined by Salieri’s meddling. Mozart did not think about the content of his opera, as he was overconfident in his operatic abilities. An integral scene was cut out of the opera because Mozart thought that he was above all of the Italian opera rules. The rules do not allow for any ballet and Mozarts ballroom scene cut corners. Salieri noticed the oversight on Mozarts part and was able to report this to the courtier in charge of the opera. When the scene was cut, Mozart threw a temper tantrum because he could not believe that he did not get his way, screaming â€Å"I’ll hold a rehearsal! You’ll see! The Emperor will come! You’ll see!† (Shaffer 74). Mozarts temper burned the rest of the bridges between himself and the Italian court. Another way that Salieri subtly manipulates Moza rt into further mental insanity is by getting Mozart kicked out of the Masons. Towards the end of his life, Mozart, destitute and practically a beggar, has to resort to relying on his Masonic brothers handouts in order to survive. Salieri puts the idea of a vaudeville show centered around the Masons in Mozarts head. Salieri knew that the Masons would not take kindly to their customs being paraded in front of common folk for all to see. After Mozart puts on the opera, the Masons decide to relinquish Mozarts membership in the face of the recent events, declaring that they will â€Å"ensure that no Freemason or person of distinction in Vienna† will ever trust Mozart again (Shaffer 100). Mozart, quite simply, is ruined. Salieri â€Å"does not poison Mozart, he starves him to death by insuring that Mozart receives no money from patronage† (Bidney). Mozart finally has no money coming into his house, whether from teaching or from Masonic handouts. Salieri uses Mozarts overcon fidence and flamboyance to cut short Mozarts professional musical career. Salieri manipulates Mozart into alienating himself from his family and friends by furthering Mozarts mental illness. When Salieri first hears of Mozart’s great talent, Salieri is wary of Mozart. After Mozart rewrites Salieri’s Welcome March, Salieri is no longer just wary of Mozart, he hates Mozart for stealing his glory and fame. Salieri is â€Å"weak, dependent, primarily a receiver instead of a creator† (Bidley), so Salieri decides to exact his revenge on Mozart for Amadeus’ musical inclinations. All of the pain in Mozarts life, his mental insanity, his eventual death, could have been avoided if Mozart had reined in his less than desirable personality traits. Salieri had to have known that Mozart would try to improvise on Salieri’s score, but Salieri played the march anyway. Before he even met Mozart, Salieri had started manipulating him. For most of his life, Mozart had obeyed his fathers every word. When Mozart began to court Constanze, he was hesitant to propose to her as his father did not approve of the match. Salieri talks to Mozart and slyly suggests that Mozart defy his father for once in his life. After Mozart marries Constanze, Salieri goes to great lengths to try to destroy Mozarts life, even trying to seduce Constanze, telling Constanze â€Å"Princess Elizabeth needs a pupil† and that Constanze should come â€Å"and see [him] alone tomorrow† (Shaffer 51). Salieri, a â€Å"strict disciplinarian and self-renouncer† (Bidley), decided that breaking a few of his rules would be for the greater good, as he could kill two problematic birds with one stone. Towards the end of Mozarts life, he is living with his son and pregnant wife in a paupers apartment. Constanze and Mozart have several fights over money and their fights culminate in Costanze leaving Mozart temporarily, â€Å"just for a while, she says. She’s taken the baby and gone to Baden† (Shaffer 96).. She was frustrated by his r efusal to write any music other than the Requiem and his lack of breadwinning for the family. Salieri visits Mozart and sees all of the ruin that he has caused to happen to Amadeus. At that moment, Salieri was â€Å"ready to commit murder for the sake of justice or morality† (Bidley). Even while suffering a mental breakdown and being destitute, Mozart is still composing beautiful music, a fact that Salieri considers unjust. Drawn by some unknown phenomena, Salieri feels the need to apologize for all of the hardships that Mozart has suffered at Salieri’s hands. Salieri fails in this attempt, however, as he reminds Mozart of his continual failures in his familys eyes. Mozart had a complete mental breakdown when Salieri tries to apologize. By alienating Mozarts friends, Salieri is able to further Mozarts mental breakdown. Throughout Amadeus, Salieri makes able use of Mozarts mental issues in order to instigate Mozarts breakdown. Mozarts overconfidence and flamboyance play into Salieri’s hands, allowing him to subtly manipulate others into ruining Mozarts professional career. Mozarts personal life was ruined as well; Salieri systematically destroyed Mozarts relationships with his family members. Mozarts mental issues would have been considered taboo in polite society in his lifetime, but Salieri has no problem manipulating Mozart into his eventual demise. Works Cited Bidney, Martin. â€Å"Thinking About God and Mozart: The Salieris of PuÃ… ¡kin and Peter Shaffer†. The Slavic and East European Journal 30.2 (1986): 183–195. Web. Dec. 6, 2015. Shaffer, Peter. Amadeus. New York: Perennial, 2001. Print.

Different Culture in Guest of the Sheik by Elizabeth...

There are many countries in the world and every country is unique and individualistic with many exclusive qualities. Everyone in the world has a culture but it is not easy to accept or agree with other people’s culture. The ethnography, â€Å"Guests of the Sheik†, written by Elizabeth Warnock Fernea really captures what it is like to live and to be immersed into another culture. Ethnography is â€Å"comprised of the writings of the anthropologist, detailing the life ways of a particular culture, investigated by means of direct fieldwork† (Arenson, and Miller-Thayer 1). Elizabeth Fernea lived in a small village of El Nahra in southern Iraq for two years to gather data for her anthropologist husband Bob. In the beginning, she had limited knowledge of Iraq, its religion or culture, but as she started connecting with the women of the society, she came to learn both about this foreign country and about herself. Acculturation is â€Å"the process of acceptance result ing for the contact between two cultures, or an individual interacting in at least two cultures† (517). As she builds relationships with the woman’s, she is acculturated. As Elizabeth Fernea first arrived at Diwaniya station, she was the only woman without an abayah. She said, â€Å"I began to be self-conscious. This is ridiculous, I told myself. Why should I have to war that ugly thing-it’s not my custom; the arguments with Bob about the abayah returned in a rush† (Fernea 5). This shows that she could not accept wearing something thatShow MoreRelatedGuest of the Sheik by Elizabeth Warnok Fernea814 Words   |  3 PagesMiller-Thayer 520). Most of the cultures are used to seeing only female and male getting married but looking deeper into the society; we can see there are more to it. There are many different types of marriages. In an ethnography called, Guest of the Sheik, by Elizabeth Warnock Fernea, she talks about her experiences in a small rural villag e of El Nahra in southern Iraq. Ethnography is â€Å"comprised of the writings of the anthropologist, detailing the life ways of a particular culture, investigated by meansRead More Guests of the Sheik by Elizabeth Warnock Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesGuests of the Sheik by Elizabeth Warnock Elizabeth Fernea entered El Nahra, Iraq as an innocent bystander. However, through her stay in the small Muslim village, she gained cultural insight to be passed on about not only El Nahra, but all foreign culture. As Fernea entered the village, she was viewed with a critical eye, ?It seemed to me that many times the women were talking about me, and not in a particularly friendly manner; (70). The women of El Nahra could not understand why she was notRead MoreThe Roles of Rituals in Guests of the Sheik by Elizabeth Warnock Fernea717 Words   |  3 PagesEvery Culture has a set of rituals that they partake in, that are often constructed over a long period of time. Simple Actions, and special moments contain so much meaning and make everlasting memories. All rituals despite the locations they originate from, or the location they are carried out in contain the same components, they are repetitive, symbolic, remind a certain group of people about their values and beliefs, and these ri tuals commemorate a significant moment. For example christians commemorateRead MoreEssay on What Is Anthropology? How Is It Done?2374 Words   |  10 Pagesshe transferred from Robert College in Istanbul, she changed her major to art history (Bass 1991:64). She visited the Roman ruins, but it wasnt the artifacts above ground that she was interested in (Bass 1991:64). She was interested in the earlier cultures buried underground (Bass 1991:64). When she completed her doctorate at Columbia in New York, she originally planned to apply atomic bomb techniques to archaeology by using atomic tracers, like lead isotopes, to map the global economy of theRead MoreGuests of the Sheik Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesEastern Cultures Through its ethnocentric tales and family based beliefs, Elizabeth Warnock Fernea’s Guests of the Sheik suggests that to find the true representation of Islamic culture, one must leave ethnocentrism behind. Not only will we discuss ethnocentrism and the cultural differences between Western and Middle Eastern societies, we will also take a look at the women of El Nahra and family within the differing societies. Fernea entered El Nahra naà ¯ve to the culture. HoweverRead MoreGuests of the Sheik2095 Words   |  9 PagesGuests of the Sheik 10/27/10 Anthropology Ciara Schultz Out of all the many countries in the world, each one is unique and individualistic with many exclusive qualities to each one. Many times, the countries get compared to the Western civilization of the United States. The book Guests of the Sheik is just that, but more. An American woman, (Elizabeth Fernea) travels to a completely foreign land, not known at all to her and experiences the culture first hand. She is at first willing, sinceRead MoreThe Gypsies Case Study Answers1376 Words   |  6 Pageswho are boys are properly trained before entering adulthood. Although the women and men are separated for the majority of the day, they come together to eat and share stories. Even though the genders have different responsibilities, they all work together for survival and to preserve their culture. In the text, â€Å"Picturing the Past: Gender in National Geographic†, women in early history, prehistoric times, are viewed in a similar way to the Gypsie woman. In fact, both are often overlooked in comparison

Animal Cruelty Essay - 2213 Words

The social anathema which is animal cruelty has perspired for too long a time. Elephants deserve to roam the forests and Savannahs freely instead of being killed and the later mutilated for their brilliant tusks. It has also been verified that many â€Å"elephants that perform in circuses are often kept in chains for as long as 23 hours a day from the time they are babies (Dosomething.org).† Elephants are not the only animal treated in this fashion. Furthermore, the beautiful and majestic stallion belongs on the open prairie and not locked away in a 6x4 cage, dying from starvation and thirst. Elephants and stallions are only two animals out of the thousands that are negatively affected by people. Together, we have to be the voice for the†¦show more content†¦Before you can act against animal cruelty, you must understand the causes although there are many reasons that lead to the cruelty. Some religions and traditions call for sacrifices to reach some other level (Jos hi). A thought process that humans are meant to control animals is another additive that contributes to the cruelty. Use of animals for entertainment purposes, such as circuses, is yet another cause. The selfishness of mankind is the most despicable. An author by the name of Neha Joshi said in a very compelling article; â€Å"laboratory tests are perhaps†¦the most inhumane practices carried out today, all in the name of betterment of the human race (Joshi).† A very wise philosopher named Jeremy Bentham once said â€Å"the question is not, can they reason, nor can they talk, but can they suffer (Goldstein 273)?† The unanimous answer is yes. The pain threshold in animals and humans are very similar, but the only difference is that humans can effectively communicate with other humans. Animals try and their cries are dismissed because they cannot verbally say â€Å"stop† or â€Å"that hurts†. Researchers often perform surgeries that may last for six or more hours although, â€Å"†¦anesthesia however, may wear off in an hour or two. A fewShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty And The Prevention Of Cruelty1434 Words   |  6 PagesPrevention of Cruelty to Animals, better known as the ASPCA is a non profit organization that focuses on preventing animal cruelty. The mission of the ASPCA is â€Å"to provide effective means for the prevention of cruelty to animals throughout the United States† (ASPCA). Animal cruelty and neglect are huge problems in the United States, therefore organizations such as the ASPCA are needed to start the process of prevention. The ASPCA website is used to to bring awareness to the issue of animal cruelty throughRead MoreAnimal Cruelty And Animal Abuse879 Words   |  4 Pages Animal Abuse is when someone hurts an animal or does not care for the animal responsibly. It’s against the law to hard or be cruel to animals. It’s also called animal cruelty. The topic is going to be over is animal abuse. There’s a lot of people against animal abuse. A lot of researchers try to find a way to stop animal abuse. The FBI is conducting an investigation to find out a way to serve justice to those that abuse animals. Animal abuse has been going on for a very long time now and it needRead MoreAnimal Cruelty Should Be Punished1665 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Cruelty There are many cruel things that people are doing to hurt and neglect animals. This is called animal cruelty, and animal cruelty is when someone harms an animal or does not care for that animal responsibly, such as not giving a cat or dog food or water and not providing them with veterinary care. People who neglect animals should be punished and not have the right to own an animal because animal cruelty is a law and a felony and many people areRead MoreThe Aspc Preventing Animal Cruelty1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe ASPCA: Preventing Animal Cruelty One Animal at a Time The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, better known as the ASPCA is a nonprofit organization that focuses on preventing animal cruelty. The mission of the ASPCA is â€Å"to provide effective means for the prevention of cruelty to animals throughout the United States† (ASPCA). Animal cruelty and neglect are tremendous problems in the United States, therefore, organizations such as the ASPCA are needed to start the processRead MoreThe Cruelty Of Animal Cruelty1224 Words   |  5 Pagesmind as I grudgingly watch a woman eat a cheeseburger while wearing a t-shirt with the phrase My Favorite Breed is RESCUED blasted on the front. With every bite I delve deeper into the question of what exactly is animal cruelty and why does society differentiate between which animals are worthy and not worthy of liberation. Humans have not only been hidden skillfully from the atrocious truth that is factory farming, but many choose to remain ignorant as it is easier to igno re the cries of cattleRead MoreThe Link between Animal Cruelty and Society1041 Words   |  4 PagesThe Link between Animal Cruelty and Society â€Å"The question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but Can they suffer?† ― Jeremy Bentham, The Principles of Morals and Legislation. As a society we have come to see animal cruelty as a heinous crime, and that’s great progress. However, not everyone is following the notion. Animal cruelty is still very prevalent, and sadly its abhorrent results are often neglected and overlooked. Although it isn’t always to the same extent of atrocious consequencesRead MoreThe Cruelty Of Animals And Animal Abusers Lie Behind The Curtain1499 Words   |  6 PagesAnimals have shown their love throughout history to humans and we have shown ours. The love of animals is broad and unlimited, but humans continue to abuse their pets and destroy their loyalty. Why do people do this? Why do humans demolish animals lives? The answer lies behind the curtain. The curtain in which animal abusers lie behind. An impenetrable curtain that law reinforcement cannot take the cruel men out of. Try as they might, the abomination continues. Some though, get what they deserveRead MoreAnimal Cruelty959 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals are subjects to inhumane treatment by the hands of many individuals, however there is little done in order to protect them from this form of physical and neglectful treatment. Though there are several laws against this type of conduct, a great deal of animal abuse is unforeseen and these animals are victims whom cannot protect themselves. The state of New York describes felony animal cruelty as, â€Å"intentionally and without just cause seriously injuring or killing an animal† (Iannacone 2011)Read MoreAnimal Cruelty Is A Crime Against Humanity1246 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to constitute animal cruelty as a Crime Against Humanity we must prove that society is ignoring the violence towards them despite the research evidence, the government sanctions mass killings of them, and that this type of violence affects humans on a large scale (Plant, Schaik, Gullone, Flynn 2016). Although di spositional factors such as empathy and aggression may influence animal cruelty, we must look at the environmental factors that lead to the negative effects from a macro-level perspectiveRead MoreAnimal Cruelty : The Impacts Of Animal On Animals1609 Words   |  7 PagesPROPOSED STUDY: Title: Animal Cruelty: The impacts of animal cruelty on animals focusing on puppy farming and bullfighting and why abusiveness towards animals occurs. Background: There are multiple reasons why an individual may be cruel to animals, the main reasons include psychological issues, culture and also for the beneficial factor. The psychological angle towards animal abuse is often due to negative thoughts. If an individual is under a lot of stress and or pressure, they may like to vent

A Novel Of Emigration And Assimilation - 1201 Words

Jasmine is a novel of emigration and assimilation, both on physical and psychological levels. In this novel, Bharati Mukherjee novelizes the process of Americanization by tracing a young Indian woman’s experiences of trauma and achievement in her attempt to forge a new identity for herself. The story is told from the first-person point of view by the female protagonist, who undergoes multiple identity transformations in her quest for self-empowerment and happiness. Mukherjee uses the movielike techniques of flashback and cross-cutting to fuse Jasmine’s past and present. The novel is immersed in violence. The book begins with the twenty-four-year-old narrator, Jane Ripplemeyer, living as the wife of Bud Ripplemeyer, a fifty-four-year-old worthless banker in Baden, Elsa County, Iowa. Jane recalls her story from when she was younger in Hasnapur, a village in Jullundhar District, Punjab, India, where she was born as Jyoti, the unwelcomed fifth daughter in a poor, exiled Hindu family. When she was seven, an astrologer predicted that she was destined to be alone. Determined to fight her destiny, Jyoti begins to empower herself through learning English, for â€Å"to want English was to want more than you had been given at birth, it was to want the world.† Born in Hasnapur in India, Jyoti is said to be the most beautiful and clever person in her family. Unlike her sisters and other girls, Jyoti excels in school and continues her education until the 8th grade despite her father’sShow MoreRelatedEssay on Imperium in Imperio1714 Words   |  7 Pages Imperium in Imperio is a novel that focuses on the problem of race in America. Sutton Griggs portrays the tale of a radical yet secret movement, told by two contemporaries. This is the first major political novel written by an African-American. The main characters of the novel confront the torment and conflict of their time. Griggs deploys his characters to illustrate the climate of the day. He touches on such issues as miscegenation, Jim Crow, the political exploitation of the Black manRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner 1763 Words   |  8 Pagesopportunity to reside in the United States of America and pursue the American dream, it is evident that the land of the free and home of the brave emblematizes a meaning which extends greater than the breadth of newfound wealth. In Khaled Hosseini’s novel â€Å"The Kite Runner,† the main character Amir, the son of a wealthy, altruistic, and respected merchant, spends his childhood seeking for acceptanc e with his father, and through this process, narcissism voraciously ravages Amir’s thoughts leading himRead MoreAlternate Homes And Beyond : Issues And Perspectives2980 Words   |  12 PagesDiaspora gained values in peopel;s mind with the result of globalization. In our literature diaspora has no of meanings which actually express the pain and sufferings of expatriate peoples. The term has many synonymous like migration, immigration, emigration exile, dispersio also lingers over alienation, loneliness, homelessness, existential rootlessness, nostalgia, questioning , quest for identity. It also includes the term of ammalgamation of cultures. In this peopels feeling the clashes of singularRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageswho migrated to mainland Southeast Asia over the entire three centuries before 1820. While many of the most dramatic increases were in transoceanic migration, other kinds of migration grew as well. In Europe, total per capita migration—including emigration, movement to cities, colonization of empty lands, and seasonal migration—increased from 6.5 percent of the population from 1750 to 1800 (total migration divided by the average population during this period) to more than 30 percent from 1850 toRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesviolence), while simultaneously goading the state to respond with its own violence, extreme measures, or terrorism (Baudrillard, 1993: pp. 76 - 79). Thus, for Baudrillard, football is a metastatic phenomenon par excellence - the transference or assimilation of a bodily social, political or psychological disease from one organ to another. 3.8 These diverse European cases serve to underscore the point that the constructive, militarized, and controlled utilization of football is not restrictedRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesresistance in general and in Jamaicas African and Afro-Christian religions in particular. This illustrates my contention that charismatic messages do not usually emerge ex nihilo from the minds of charismatic leaders. Indeed, they usually have a novel combination of ideas, but they are frequently synthesizing ideas already current in some sector of the society, and this is one of the reasons charismatic leaders are able to secure a following. Their ideas resonate with some people in the societyRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesan engine, it’s not an aero-package, it’s not a chassis. It’s a Ferrari.’ As part of its recruitment of Michael Schumacher in 1996 Ferrari entered into a commercial partnership with Phillip Morris to use the Marlboro brand on the Ferrari cars. In a novel arrangement Phillip Morris, rather than Ferrari, paid Schumacher’s salary, and made a signiï ¬ cant contribution to Ferrari’s annual operating budget. In addition to Marlboro, Ferrari also entered into a long-term partnership with Shell to provide both

My Observation of a Couple at a Restaurant Nonverbal...

INTRODUCTION On September 12, 2014, I observed two people; Person A and Person B. The observation took place at Applebee’s, a local restaurant, beginning at 7:21 p.m. and ending observation at 8:06 p.m. I was serving their table for the evening, enabling myself to observe them closely. The restaurant had died down from the dinner rush, leaving them one of three tables in the smoking section, normally filled with eight. Along with the outside light fading, the lighting indoors was dim, making the dining experience feel more quiet and intimate. The background noise was filled with a light roar of other group’s conversations, and a jazz station played quietly from the speakers overhead. OBSERVATION OF PERSON A Person A was†¦show more content†¦As an observer, I could tell Person A was deeply involved in the conversation at all times. I also took note of Person A’s facial expression throughout the observation. Person A was generally smiling throughout the evening, clearly enjoying himself. I could observe many times of laughter, and took note of no negative expressions. Along the lines of laughter, another observation I observed was Person A’s tone. I was able to observe this closely walking by their table several times throughout the night. Person A had a deep, gentle voice that stayed at a fairly steady low volume throughout dinner. He spoke fairly fast, but I think he was simply excited to be with Person B; trying to fit in as much as he could. His laughter was low and hearty, but stayed near the volume he spoke. He also used a lot of hand gestures. His stories were filled with help from his hands and arms. He was quite animated and looked excited to be talking. At one point it looked as if he was trying to describe a house using hand gestures. One last nonverbal observation I will mention is that of Person A’s posture. He generally sat hunched over the table, rarely sitting up straight. Combined with the other nonverbal observations, this posture suggests he wanted to be as near to Person B as possible. OBSERVATION OF PERSON B Person B was a female around the age of 22. She was about 5  ½ feet tall with a slender build and shoulder-length blonde hair.Show MoreRelatedObserving and describing verbal and nonverbal communication Essay658 Words   |  3 Pagesand nonverbal communication Communication, the act or process of using words, sounds signs or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else. (Merriam Webster dictionary). There are four forms of communication; verbal, non-verbal, written and visual. Verbal communication, includes sounds, words, language, and speaking. The following is a great example of verbal communication. 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Whereas verbal communication often refers to the words we use in communication, nonverbal refers to communication that is produced by some means other than words (eye contact, body language or vocal cues, for example) (Knapp, 2002). In countless situations, it appears that an incredible volume of important interp ersonal information is being quickly communicated, mostly nonverbally yet there is a great deal of misinformationRead MoreThe Use Of Nonverbal Communication And How It Affects Human Interactions Essay2239 Words   |  9 PagesIt seems that in today’s fast paced society filled with smartphones, computers, mobile tablets and all the world’s knowledge at our fingertips, that we forget the subtle art of nonverbal communication and how it affects human interactions. By non-verbal communication I am not talking about things such as emails, texts, carrier pigeons and whatever other method of messaging system you prefer to use. I am referring to the face to face exchanges with real humans and how small things such as personalRead MoreInfluence of Culture on Consumer Behaviour6641 Words   |  27 Pagesenhances informal learning by providing models for behavior. Culture is communicated to members of the society through a common language and through commonly shared symbols. Because the human mind has the ability to absorb and process symbolic communication, marketers can successfully promote both tangible and intangible products and product concepts to consumers through mass media. All the elements of the marketing mix serve to communicate symbolically with the audience. Products project an imageRead MoreSociology and Group41984 Words   |  168 Pages.Which of the following situations best represents group communication as defined in the textbook? a. People talking in an elevator. b. People discussing the weather at an airport. c. Fans cheering at a baseball game. d. Jury members deliberating a court case. e. A congregation listening to a sermon. Answer: d. Jury members deliberating a court case. . A group with 7 members has the potential for _______ different types of interactions. a. 9 b. 90 c. 666 d. 900 e. 966 Answer: e. 966 Read MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesorganizations with their behaviors. For example, Jeff Bezos personally excels at experimenting, so he helped create institutionalized processes within Amazon to push others to experiment. Similarly, Intuit’s Scott Cook shines at observing, so he pushes observation at Intuit. Perhaps not surprisingly, we discovered that the DNA of innovative organizations mirrored the DNA of innovative individuals. 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The Great Gatsby - the Unachievable Dream - 2188 Words

Devorah Joseph Mr. Kenny ENG4U 28 March 2011 The Unachievable Dream â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness is one of the most influential and famous phrases in the United State’s Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence encapsulates the original conception of the American Dream – the notion that every individual, regardless of their social upbringing, could have the opportunity to reach their full potential and live a comfortable lifestyle. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby takes place during the early 1920s--a time period that demonstrates the pursuit of happiness, opportunity, freedom, equality and finally the American Dream. Myrtle Wilson, a significant character in The Great Gatsby, tries to pursue†¦show more content†¦She ends up giving her life to Tom and getting killed by her own desires (Fitzgerald 93). Through Myrtle’s death, Fitzgerald conveys that dwelling too much on material objects cannot bring about a positive resolution; materialism can only bring about destructi on. Destruction and corruption are shown through cars as well. Drinking impairs judgement and decreases inhibitions. Many of the characters drink as a pastime and drive under the influence. Since cars represent the American Dream, and drinking becomes a way of life, one can conclude that the characters go about achieving the American Dream in a misguided and dangerous manner. Myrtle tries to satisfy her desires by seeking wealth and status in attempts of achieving her American Dream. Myrtle’s husband, George, owns a car dealership and repair shop in the industrial wasteland of the Valley of Ashes, which depict his lower class. In describing Georges shop, Fitzgerald notes â€Å"The interior was unprosperous and bare; the only car visible was the dust-covered wreck of a Ford which crouched in a dim corner† (Fitzgerald 27). Although George is loyal and hardworking, Myrtle is unsatisfied with her relationship; she envies the East Eggers for living her version of the American Dream while she is stuck in the Valley of Ashes, married to a low class man. Myrtle directly disrespects her husband as she goes after Tom, a high class, wealthy, and married man, living in the East Egg.Show MoreRelatedWhat Does The Green Light Symbolize In The Great Gatsby966 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel The Great Gatsby was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The setting of the book takes place in Long Island and New York in the early 1920s. Fitzgerald has one of the main characters, Nick Carraway narrate his life with his friend Jay Gatsby by his side. Gatsby hopes Nick will help him on his journey to win back to the love of his life, Daisy Buchanan. Throughout the novel, Fitzgerald relates important symbols to the theme. The green light at the end of Daisys dock, Gatsbys car, and the ValleyRead MoreAmerican Dream In The Great Gatsby Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurred rapidly. The American Dream is defined as the promise of prosperity for Americans who work hard, regardless of race, class, gender and on April 10, 1925 The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, was published showing that this wasnt always true. Fitzgerald shows in the book that some people cheat their way into the American Dream and succeed in doing so, but they never become a part of the true higher society they always fall just a little short. The Great Gatsby depicts the fig ht for genderRead MoreShortcuts In The Great Gatsby Analysis1448 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout The Great Gatsby, one of the most prominent themes is that of the American Dream- a so called sense of achievement and reward free to anyone who works for it. Though this idea is nice, the novel goes to show that this concept is very warped and often either unreachable or grabbed for sloppily by taking shortcuts to happiness. Whether this refers to Daisy and Tom, who use other methods to find entertainment as opposed to working for real relationships, Gatsby, who pines over an unachievable desireRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1720 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Dream is defined as the idea that all citizens of the United States of America are able to have an equal chance to gain success, and to prosper through hard work and determination. The American Dream is the driving force of evolution in humanity. 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Male Eating Disorders Essay Example For Students

Male Eating Disorders Essay ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (1998). ANRED: Males with Eating Disorders. Retrieved November 18, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.anred.com/males.htmlCarlat, D.J., Camargo, C.A. Jr., Herzog, D.B. (1997). Eating Disorders in Males: A Report on 135 Patients. American Journal of Psychiatry. 154, 1127-1131. Crosscope-Happel, C., Hutchins, D.E., Getz, H.G., Hayes, G.L. (2000). Male Anorexia Nervosa: A New Focus. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. 22, 365-370. Goode, E. (2000). Thinner: The Male Battle With Anorexia. New York Times. 06/25/2000, Vol. 149, Issue 51430, Section 16, p8. Hausenblas, H.A., Carron, A.V. (1999). Eating Disorder Indices and Athletes: An Integration. Journal of Sport Exercise Psychology. 21, 230-258. McLorg, P.A. Taub, D.E. (1992) Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia: The Development of Deviant Identities. In D.H. Kelly (Ed.), Deviant Behavior: A Text-Reader in the Sociology of Deviance. (pp. 203-214). New York: Worth Publishers. Phillpot, D., Sheppard, G. (1998). More Than Mere Vanity. Guidance Counseling. 13, 28-34. Romero, F. (1994). Adolescent Boys and Anorexia Nervosa. Adolescence. 29, 643-648. Shiltz, T. (2000). Males and Eating Disorders: Research. Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention, Inc. Retrieved on November 18, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.edap.org/edinfo/menresearch.htmlZerbe, K.J. (1992) Eating Disorders in the 1990s: Clinical Challenges and Treatment Implications. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 56, 167-188. Eating Disorders in MalesProf. Rich HalversonPsychology 41: Psychology of Health IllnessDecember 3, 2001Rachel SteinEating disorders have traditionally been a womans problem. It has not been until recently that we have recognized the fact that males are suffering from these deadly disorders as well. It has been generally agreed upon that anywhere from five to 15 percent of all reported cases of eating disorders are attributed to men. This paper will examine its incidence in males and the physical and psychological aspects associated with having an eating disorder. First lets look at the history of eating disorders. The very first case of an eating disorder diagnosed was actually a male. In 1689, Dr. Richard Morton described a case of nervous consumption in a 16-year-old male and he was prescribed restraint from horseback riding and his studies. (Carlat, Camargo, Herzog, 1997) In the 1700s the full plump female figure was considered to be the most beautiful because it showed a sign of wealth. It was not until the 1920s that smaller female figures seemed to be in vogue. The Barbie doll came out in the 1940s which put an absolutely unrealistic measuring stick up to little girls. It was during this time that women began to dress more provocatively in flapper dresses. The 1960s saw an upsurgance of anorexia when Twiggy, the gaunt British actress became popular. And recently our society has seen an increase in the incidence of eating disorders, especially in men. Now lets define anorexia nervosa and bulimia. According to the DSM-IV the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa are body image distortion, amenorrhea, and intense fear of gaining weight, resulting in body weight that is at least 15% below that expected for age and height. (Hausenblas Carron, 1999) The definition for bulimia is less clear. Bulimia includes self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape or weight and recurrent episodes of uncontrollable binge eatingfollowed by inappropriate compensatory behavior undertaken to prevent weight gain. (Hausenblas Carrron, 1999) This compensatory behavior may include use of laxatives, diuretics, self-induced vomiting, strict dieting, fasting or inordinate exercising. Unlike anorexics, bulimics are usually at or above their body weight. These diseases may result in biological problems including amenorrhea for females, gonadotropin secretion in males, electrolyte imbalances, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine problems, and may result in death. A full 8-18% of anorexic patients die as a result of the affliction. (Zerbe, 1992) Psychologically these individuals usually have problems with depression, anxiety, and obsessive/compulsive disorders. (Crosscope-Happel, Hutchins, Hayes, 2000) Studies have shown that over one million males are affected with anorexia nervosa yearly. (Crosscope-Happel, Hutchins, Hayes, 2000) Some have suggested that these numbers are on the rise as the media continues to assert a more and more unattainable goal of beauty on the public. The majority of the population suffering from eating disorders is female, so lets look at the general prototype of a patient. She is generally a teenager, from a middle to upper class background and white. She generally excels at schoolwork and extra-curricular activities, and is often times labeled a perfectionist. How does this differ from a male with eating disorders? Not all that much actually, he also does well in school although sports tend to be overemphasized. The family tends to play an important role in the development of eating disorders. Males tend to have very strict, domineering fathers who encouraged development in sports. It has also been recognized that many men with eating disorders may not have had a father figure around at all. (Zerbe, 1992) Their mothers have been described as overprotective and controlling. (Romero, 1994) Adolescent boys with eating disorders relate that parents or siblings are usually on diets as well and there tends to be an emphasis on food a nd dieting in the house. Guns on Campus EssayIt was stated earlier that being a homosexual male may be a risk factor for developing eating disorders. Surprisingly this finding has been statically proven that homosexual males are over represented when it comes to eating disorders. There have been estimates as high as 21% of the affected males being homosexual. (Crosscope-Happel, Hutchins, Hayes, 2000) In a study one with 135 male patients with both anorexia and bulimia, 27% were admittedly homosexual or bisexual and 32% were asexual. (Carlat, Camargo, Herzog, 1997) Some authors have noted that up to 50% of male patients experienced homosexual conflict before the onset of their disorder. (Shiltz, 2000) These are assumed to result for different reasons, which will be addressed in the latter portion of this paper. Misdiagnosis among males is extremely common. Presumably the obvious reason is that doctors just simply are not looking for it. Usually men with eating disorders will come in with complaints regarding gastrointestinal problems and the physician may not look for other symptoms that comply with the diagnosis of an eating disorder. It is also difficult to diagnose because an eating disorder in a man may not be as noticeable as that of a woman. Instead of a low body weight, they seek well-defined muscles, sleek abs and sculptured pecs. (Goode, 2000) As a result of being less visible men tend not to seek treatment voluntarily and often do not even recognize the disorder themselves. Although often misdiagnosed, once discovered the treatment for both men and women generally follows the same format. There should be combination of therapies, including nutritional, individual, group, and family sessions. (Romero, 1994) The only issue that comes up is the fact that group therapies mostly women and men tend to have trouble relating to discussions about lost periods and our patriarchal society. (ANRED, 1998)Men have been found to have a high incidence of the coexistence of other addictive behavior besides the eating disorder. Addictions to alcohol, drugs, gambling and sex have all been found in men with eating disorders. (Phillpot Sheppard, 1998) And they actually are much more proud of these addictions because they are considered more manly. Regardless of the treatment eating disorders are very difficult to treat in general because when one wants to cure an addiction to anything else, the obvious answer is abstention. But one cannot abstain from food, regardless of the emotional and physical problems he is having he must continue to eat. It then becomes an issue of where is the balance between healthy and too much, or too little? The final issue to be presented is that of the inordinate amount of homosexual males with eating disorders. There have been a few explanations. The first is concerned with the formation of a sexual identity. Anorexia, especially, is associated with severe gender identity problems.And as stated earlier there have been reports of significant homosexual conflict among males prior to the development of the disorder. (Romero, 1994)Another explanation for the high rates of homosexuality among men with eating disorders is the heightened level of objectification among the gay community. Within the gay c ommunity men, like women in a heterosexual community, share the same role of having their bodies as a commodity. A study found that homosexual men specifically attributed the onset of their disorder to a pressure toward thinness in the gay subculture. (Carlat, Camargo, Herzog, 1997) Strangely this is not the case for homosexual women. The same study found that there was a 24% of males with eating disorders were gay while only 2% of the female population with eating disorders were lesbian. (Carlat, Camargo, Herzog, 1997)A further explanation of greater rates of homosexuality among men with eating disorders is that they plainly may be more willing to attribute the secondary deviance label of bulimic or anorexic to themselves. So the incidence may not be higher at all it is just that gay men are not as worried about the stigma of having a womens disease. One reason for the high rate of asexuality among men with eating disorders may be the overprotective role of the anorectics mother. As a result of controlling parents, he may not be able to develop a sense of autonomy and independence and thus is not equipped to cope with the maturational requirements of adolescence. (Romero, 1994) Consequently, he is maintaining the body type of a boy, who is not capable of becoming an self-ruling entity. Males with eating disorders also exhibited a higher level of anxiety in response to sexual issues than did women. A study found that up to 80% of males stated that sex was a forbidden subject in their households growing up. And some were even relieved when their sexual drive had diminished in the more severe stages of their disorder. There are many differences between men and women who have eating disorders. Sexuality, onset, development and course are just a few. Yet the underlying issue of control is common for both genders. Unfortunately, there is not extensive research regarding males with eating disorders, and their numbers are rising.

Prospects of Business Mediation and Negotiation

Question: Describe about the Prospects of Business Mediation and Negotiation. Answer: Introduction Mediation is a conflict resolution method that is well structured and configured to amicably handle and resolve matters that arise during and prior to a conflict resolution. Additionally, many prospects have been developed and advanced as viable tools that can be used depending on the preference and nature of conflict. Notably, there is a lot that goes into consideration when delving into the field of conflict resolution. Conflict resolution is always viewed as an easy process, but it involves various processes including mediation, arbitration, and negotiation (Diehl Druckman, 2012: 98). Ideally, various sources and works have been generated to validate the fundamental role played by different conflict resolution techniques. As such, this paper will discuss the role of mediation in conflict resolution process, as well as the models that mediation adopts to resolve conflict. Mediation Mediation is an applied conflict resolution strategy that primarily involves two or more parties in conflict and a neutral third party. According to Schrumpf, Bodine and Crawford (1997: 47), the third party always acts as the modulator for agreement between the conflicting parties. The prescribed avenue of mediation is well structured and developed within the parameters of conflict resolution, ethics and integration thereby championing collective responsibility and affiliation. Relevantly, there are significant principles that generally govern the mediation process with respect to the involved parties and intended outcome (Emrich, 2011: 96). Principles of Mediation All Parties are Equal The ideology of equality is an essential element of the mediation process since there is need to always have a level ground before commencing any conflict resolution act. Le (2014: 118), reiterates the vital role played by having a sense of equality among all involved parties in the mediation cycle. The mediator should also be perceived as equal to the others and not as more superior to them since it can result to revolt or opposition. Neutrality of the Mediator The mediator is the conscious neutral third party in the process of mediation. It is quite fundamental for a mediator to always assume a neutral role in the mediation table. Equally, the neutrality enables the conflicting parties to respect the mediation channel (Simpson, 1998: 89). The Bottom Line is Conflict Resolution The governing principle of any mediation is that there should be no room for compromise, but rather all conflicts are resolved amicably and at the best interest of all parties involved. All these principles collectively make up the main aspect of mediation to be reasonable, fair, and acceptable to the conflicting factions (Strasser Randolph, 2004: 164). Literature Review: There is a wide range of scholarly works that delve into the topic of mediation and conflict resolution. In essence, this section will primarily highlight the various scholarly works that have been advanced and have concrete relation to the study assignment. It is relevant to understand and be well acquainted to the various theories that anchor the ideologies behind the process of conflict resolution. The Dual Concern Model theory The concise dual concern model theory is conceptualized and affirmed perspective-driven focus that articulates the dual nature of people in conflict resolution. Equally, the dual nature model is primarily concerned with the aspects that usually influence people when delving into the field of conflict resolution. One nature is assertiveness that generally means the concern for self. On the other hand, there is the nature of empathy-concern for others (Va?Yrynen, 2001: 351). According to the model, during the conflict resolution process there is always a dual concern within the parties involved and it should be taken advantage of in a positive way to achieve the desired results of resolution. The coinciding of these two divergent perspectives creates a broader array of conflict resolution preference measures. These measures can be grouped in five main conflict resolution strategies: Avoidance conflict approach Competitive conflict approach Cooperation conflict approach Yielding conflict approach Conciliation conflict approach According to the dual concern theory the use of mediation in conflict resolution process is a better choice and a competitive conflict resolution style. Synopsized Studies Duursma (2009: 312) investigated the significance of international mediation projects within the last decade as well as various conflict resolutions. The author concentrated on conflicts such as US-Syria conflict, Russia-Germany soviet conflict and other political conflicts. According to Duursma (2009: 318), the viability of all conflict resolution efforts is dependent on the scope of conflict at hand as well as the parties involved. He goes ahead to enumerate the effects posed due to lack of conflict resolution interventions and consequences that have resulted from failed interventions. There are no limitations to the benefits of mediation, but there are many of limitations associated with unresolved conflict. Additionally, he coincides with the core principles of mediation and conflict resolution terming mediation as the front-runner of major world conflict resolution strategy. In his investigation, Duursma (2009: 402) cites the connotative convergent theory and particularly enumer ates on the applicability it offers in conflict resolution process with respect to mediation. Lansford (2008:113) conducted a conclusive and inductive research on the prospects of mediation and conflict resolution success in the Middle East. He attributes the major failures of conflict resolution methods as the result of turmoil of war. However, Lansford (2008:119) advances a new ideology of mediation that encompasses ethical significance. In his theory, he suggests that for mediation to be complete and successful, it should bear a collective appeal of ethical, religious, and political consideration. As such, when the involved parties are at the mediation table, they should feel respected and considered, but not indirectly imposed to do so (ILO, 2005: 73). Moore (2014: 114) delves into conflict resolution as a fundamental role that needs to be explored both internally and externally in management. From his tentative research, he brings out the notion that negotiation is the ideal form of conflict resolution in the onset of the new generation era. From a research study done on 2002, he uses secondary data from the international conflicts and resolution organization (ICRO) to inference the modes and approaches used to conduct conflict resolution. From his analysis, he highlights that mediation was placed to have a 45% effect in terms of resolution as compared to other types of resolution (direct approach, leader-oriented approach and legality approach). Additionally, the most potent and suitable conflict resolution techniques are inferred by the containment of conflict ripples before and after the process (Doherty Guyler, 2008: 66). In essence, the standards that fit the mediation and negotiation process encompass the willingness of the conflicting parties to listen to the neutral third party, who is the mediator (Bercovitch Jackson, 2009: 313). Literature Analysis This section will seek to offer a critique interest of the advanced studies and consciously relate to the main ideologies of conflict resolution and management. Additionally, an analytical scope will be presented to fully challenge and enumerate on the academic literature provided. Suitably, both a theoretical denotation as well as methodological section will be relayed in in order to bolster the literature review and analysis. Theoretical Analysis The main theory that conflict resolution adheres to and subsequently subscribes to is the concise convergent theory. The convergent theory is highly bolstered and advanced by Druckman (2009: 106) and primarily delves in the explaining and articulation of the conflict resolution process. According to the theory, it is assumed that during resolution, there is an upper hand held by the party that resonates on being the bigger of the other. In such situations, even though the party that assumes convergent perspective to the prospects of conflict resolution may not necessarily be on the fault end, it undertakes to be the pioneer or frontier of negotiation, mitigation, or mediation (Grant, 2010: 412). Additionally, there is the dual concern theory that has been well elaborated on in the Advanced Theories-Model of Conflict resolution section of this paper. Notably, both theories are formidably constructed and construed on some substantial assumptions and ideologies (Dana, 2001: 85). These ideologies may or may not be the best and hence it is vital to highlight the disadvantages and advantages of the two theories. Advantages of The Dual Concern And Convergent Theory With Respect To Mediation Both theories are similar in some aspects and the main advantage of the two theories is that they both uphold the principles of mediation and negotiation as conflict resolution techniques and strategies. Furthermore, the theories are well structured to articulate to the different levels of conflicts and subsequently offer the best fit approaches. For instance, in the case of two supreme parties (the US vs. Russia), ideally both have international sovereignty over the other and hence in case of conflict it requires a mediator of similar or higher sovereignty. Factually, this can be related to the principles and styles discussed in the former sections of this paper (Black, 2010: 175). Disadvantages On the downside, the theories of conflict resolution affirmatively pose some considerable shortcomings in the manner of service provision and relevance. The main forerunning disadvantage that is by virtue paramount is the overgeneralization of ideologies and assumptions (Winslade Monk, 2008: 281). It is essential to understand that every conflict situation is interpreted and undertaken in its own way. Finally, like many theories, there is an over log of conceptualization and uncertainty therefore no theory fully affirms the tackling of conflict under a specific strategy. Research Methodology The nature of this section entirely involves the analysis of the literature works in a scientific, numerical, and factual account. The various studies and investigations done by the respective persons in their case studies as mentioned in the literature review primarily are the points of concern. Duursma (2009: 218) explores conflict resolution by accrediting quantitative research modules to his case study. He attempts to investigate the correlation of conflict resolution strategies to conflict resolution processes. According to his research study, analysis was done on a chosen study population of interest that had conflict history and had successfully relinquished the conflicts. Questionnaires and tentative observation was done to qualify the study. As for the rest of the case studies, a quantitative approach was conducted with data collection, analysis and mapping being the core aspects approach. Modeling: This section primarily undertakes to develop a model system that will help in decision making and management. Furthermore, the model is to articulate to conflict resolution and the prescribed approaches that are best fit. Benefits of the Modeling This particular modeling is ideal for management and offers the avenues and approaches that advance tasks, approaches, and relationships in the conflict resolution and management cycle. Secondly, there is a significant linkage that exists between the management and the diverse conflict resolution spectrum. As such, this model understands this principle and is configured to offer the best confronting approaches in conflict resolution. The model goes ahead to bolster earlier discussed theories and principles that have key significance to the formulation and workability of the model (Mnookin, 2015: 86). Model Description This model is strongly anchored on the concept and ideology of dual concern theory (Boulle, 2011:109) and therefore involves a two-phased cycle of flow. One phase undertakes to relate to identification, ratification, and rectification of conflict situations. This formidably will involve the tools, approaches, and tasks relevant for the resolution onset phase. On the other hand the second phase will involve aspects of relationship creation and linkage. The configurations of this model allow it to be a flexible and broadly applicable model in the field of conflict resolution and management. However, it is worth taking to consideration that this model is newly developed and hence every aspect of it is entirely authentic and solely self-sufficient. As much as concepts and ideologies may have been borrowed from other sources, the constellation of this model precisely is an original work. Tools and Approaches There are key tools that qualify the prescribed approaches particular and congruent to this model. Particularly, these tools and approaches are lined to both pre-workshops and pre-readings from works pertaining to conflict resolution and management. The tools primarily relate to the frameworks and methods of application that configure to the model (Eunson, 2007: 89). Moreover, the approaches involve the strategies ad measures that encompass the conflict resolution chain. This also offers insights to techniques and various conflict resolution theories. In this model, the core tools-approaches involve the following Seminars Litigation Mediation Conflict principles (mentioned in the earlier sections of this paper) Negotiation Affirmatively, the tools used in this model basically involve the methods or aspects that set sail on the resolution paths. As such, they can be encompassed into broad categories-psychological, physical and physiological. According to the dual concern model theory, the tools to be used are dependent on the approach of interest. Therefore, the tools and approaches are mutually linked to one another. People Suited The personnel suited primarily involve the parties in conflict as well as the third parties who in most circumstances serve as the modulators or watchdogs of the resolution process. Relevantly, they are to be selected using the spiral criteria that allocates for a neutral party to manage the conflict resolution process. Apart from the people in the conflict chain, this model also caters for the afflicted in terms of directly or indirectly affected by the conflicts. According to Flynn and Elloy (2013: 93), many times the mediation and negotiation falls short in that it concentrates on the conflicting parties and forgets the affected as a result of the conflict. Circumstances Most Appropriate The rallying situations or circumstances that necessities the application and use of this model is negotiation or mediation-oriented conflict cases. Such cases are cases that give room for amicable mediation or negotiation avenues. Therefore, the circumstances that have any aspect of conflict management or conflict resolution are best fit for this model Cues to look out for The framework of this model enables cued or signals be easily detected by anyone applying the use of this model in conflict management. The signals can be sequentially classed into the following detectors- Physical cues, emotional cues and lingual cues. In the aspects of physical cues/signals, one can look out for the following: Body language (restlessness, flinching wrists, size up etc.) Hostility Anger spells Shout outs and burst outs Non-compromise or understanding scope In the case of emotional cues, the following are worth taking note of: Breakdown (crying, rent-out etc.) Ignorance of others or statues Carelessness Recklessness Finally, in the aspect of lingual cues, the prospects of language are concisely of interest. They include aspects such as: Vernacular intervention during formal talk Harsh/ offensive talk Miscommunication and lack of communication thereof Intrapersonal Cues It is vital to appreciate that as much as the model may offer cues and signals to serve as detectors of conflict, the pin point individual cues serve as better pin point conflict detectors. In terms of intrapersonal cues, these primarily entail the prospects within a person. For instance, they are cues that help self-analyze an individual to evaluate the conflict quotient. Some examples include the following: Sweaty palms Slurred speech Wobbly stomach Cinching teeth Smirks and detests Interpersonal Cues The interpersonal cues are fundamentally focused on articulating to others and how best one can read others to detect the conflict build in them. Subsequently, these cues are generally physical since it is hard to enumerate on the internal cues of other people (McGraw-Hill, Haynes Fong, 2004: 218). Summary Flow Chart Conclusion Conclusively, the main ideologies of mediation as pertains to conflict resolution are to advance resolution and negotiation in a well- structured and configured manner. Regardless of the broad prospects offered by conflict management, it is vital to subscribe to a particular module of conflict resolution depending on the nature and extent of a conflict. It is also beneficial to accredit the need to have conflict resolution modules that are holistic and encompass all parties involved and not just limited to the conflicting ones. Additionally, the best-fit approach to handling conflicts within any portfolio solely depends on the tools and circumstances preceding the situation. Ideally, a well developed and tested approach is the best way to go since the similarities within a given circumstance may equally coincide with another. In essence, the adoption of conflict resolution measurements and approaches that are construed into functional models is highly advocated for. This facilitates equitable management and amicable resolution of conflicts as well as the reverting of models to the organizational frameworks. List of References Bercovitch, J., Jackson, R. (2009) Conflict Resolution In The Twenty-First Century: Principles, Methods, And Approaches, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Black, C. E. (2010) Conflict Management, Princeton, NJ: Univ. Press. Boulle, L. (2011) Mediation: Principles, Process, Practice, Chatswood: LexisNexis Butterworths. Dana, D. (2001) Conflict Resolution: Mediation Tools For Everyday Worklife, New York: McGraw-Hill, J. M., Haynes, G. L., Fong, L. S. (2004) Mediation: Positive Conflict Management, Albany: State University of New York Press. Diehl, P. F., Druckman, D. (2012) Conflict Resolution, London: SAGE. Doherty, N., Guyler, M. (2008) The Essential Guide To Workplace Mediation Conflict Resolution: Rebuilding Working Relationships, London: Kogan Page. Duursma, A. (2009) African Solutions To African Challenges: Explaining The Role Of Legitimacy In Mediating Civil Wars In Africa, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Boston, Mass. Duursma, A. (2009) Third-Party Peacemaking As A Balancing Act: A Structured, Focused Comparison Of How Style Of Mediation Affects The Prospects For Peace And Durable Peace, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Boston, Mass. Emrich, W. M. (2011) New Approaches To Managing Environmental Conflict: How Can The Federal Government Use Them? Charlottesville, VA: Institute for Environmental Negotitation. Eunson, B. (2007) Conflict Management, Milton, Qld: Wiley. Flynn, R., Elloy, D. (2013) Conflict Management, Washington, D.C.: National Institute for Dispute Resolution. Grant, W. (2010) Resolving Conflicts: How To Turn Conflict Into Co-Operation, Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element. International Labor Organization (ILO). (2005) Conflict Management, Kogan Page Publishers, New York. Lansford, T. (2008) Conflict Resolution, Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Le, P. S. (2014) Never Take No For An Answer: A Guide To Successful Negotiation, London: Kogan Page. Mnookin, R. H., Peppet, S. R., Tulumello, A. S. (2015) Beyond Winning: Negotiating To Create Value In Deals And Disputes, Cambridge: MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Moore, C. W. (2014) The Mediation Process: Practical Strategies For Resolving Conflict, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pfeiffer Imprints, Wiley. Schrumpf, F., Bodine, R. J., Crawford, D. K. (1997) Peer Mediation: Conflict Resolution In Schools: Program Guide, Champaign: Ill, Research Press Co. Simpson, C. (1998) Coping Through Conflict Resolution And Peer Meditation, New York: Rosen Pub. Group. Strasser, F., Randolph, P. (2004) Mediation: A Psychological Insight Into Conflict Resolution, London: Continuum. Va?Yrynen, T. (2001) Culture And International Conflict Resolution: A Critical Analysis Of The Work Of John Burton, Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press. Winslade, J., Monk, G. (2008) Practicing Narrative Mediation: Loosening The Grip Of Conflict, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.